Correct me if I’m wrong, I’m still on the learning path of Linux. But there doesn’t seem to many forks of OpenSuse? There are a bunch of forks of Arch, Fedora and Debian, but why not OpenSuse? Is it a license problem or something else?
OpenSuse is already by itself a well rounded distro. It supports multiple desktops out-of-the-box, is highly customizable so it doesn’t really need forks.
To add to this, there aren’t that many forks (in the true sense of the word) of Arch for the same reason.
Yeah, the distro installer even allows you to fully customize which packages should be installed, if you fancy that.
OpenSUSE itself could be seen as a fork of Fedora though it is from long enough ago that perhaps that is not fair.
In the beginning there was Slackware ( well, maybe SLS but it is gone now ). Slackware has no packaging system. Most distros want one. Debian is not really a Slackware fork but it was a response to it.
The first two distributions to bring true package management were Debian and Fedora ( well pre enterprise Red Hat really - before Fedora ). So Fedora and Debian are the classic bases for other distros.
Red Hat created the first, and most successful, “enterprise” distribution so lots of people want to clone that.
Ubuntu was the first distro to really succeed at a “mainstream” desktop experience. Ubuntu is itself a fork of Debian but, because of its early success, there are probably more forks of Ubuntu than anything else.
Arch was the next really successful attempt at a new packaging system and a distro for more technical users ( that still wanted a binary package distribution system ). There are forks of Arch but, as the repos are Arch’s biggest strength, few of them deviate too much beyond the installer and default configuration.
If you are going to create a distro based off another one, it is typical to start with the base distro that is how to the package format of your choice.
There are now other distros with their own packaging systems ( eg. Alpine and Void ) but they have not been around as long.
Importantly I think, OpenSUSE is European base and, for a lot of the history of Linux, it was largely an American phenomenon ( yes, I know it was invented in Finland — how long did Linus stay there? ).
Finally, “forking” is often a little more sophisticated now. In the past, you started with some other distro that you liked and changed a few small things that you didn’t. A lot of that is taken care of with repos and spins these days so you so fewer unique distros start life this way. The exception is maybe init systems.
As an example, you could consider Chimera Linux as a successor to Void but it is not really a fork. It uses a different package manager, userland, and init system for example.
OpenSUSE itself has multiple versions. One of them is likely to be close enough for fans that they do not need to splinter off.
Opensuse and fedora have no common history though? Just because it uses rpm doesn’t make it a red hat derivative.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg
I was not trying to cause any offence. Mad respect for SUSE. As I hinted, I was simplifying. It is hard to talk about this stuff both accurately and concisely.
SUSE is certainly not a Fedora “fork” as Fedora Core was not even conceived until considerably later. Neither was OpenSUSE really. So you cannot take my first comment too literally.
Let’s remember how early SUSE was in the Linux timeline. Back then, everybody was downloading their software from the same FTP sites. A huge component of what made a Linux distribution different from an FTP repo was the package manager and those came from Red Hat or Debian.
The provenance of SUSE is also a bit complicated as the first versions were explicitly based on Slackware. Starting with 4.2 ( a made up version number meant as a nod to Douglas Adam’s I think ), SUSE became Jurix + RPM. So it is a Jurix fork in that sense. However, I cannot imagine more than a handful of people ever used Jurix. I would be interested to know the numbers. In contrast, in terms of both users and industry awareness, Red Hat was THE Linux distro back then.
Red Hat was certainly an influence on SUSE beyond the source code. Red Hat and SUSE were not just communities or collections of code. Red Hat and SUSE were two of the earliest company backed distros. Both had clear commercial ambition. It is no accident that they both evolved into explicitly “enterprise” subscription products flanked by explicitly community distros. SUSE and Red Hat were more like each other than they were like other Linux players ( especially in the days before Ubuntu ). It is not far wrong I think to think of SUSE as the Red Hat of Europe with Red Hat attracting American infrastructure giants like Oracle and SUSE becoming the platform for big European players like SAP.
SUSE is not a fork in the sense that we are going to find an import into the source code version control system from Red Hat ( other than RPM itself of course ). Again though, we should note that this is not how stuff worked back then ( see comment about FTP sites ).
RPM could have been a purely technical choice for SUSE but, in my view, they had a clear desire to use Red Hat as a template more broadly. That is what I meant by saying SUSE could be seen as a fork while also acknowledging that the statement is not quite fair ( or perhaps more that it is not technically accurate in the strictest sense of what the work fork means even if it instructive as a historical perspective ).
Your infographic shows that suse was rebased off jurix and redhat after it stopped being Slackware based.
That’s rpm, suse Linux 1.0 was never built off the same source or installer that Redhat Linux was.
Do you have a historical example where any suse distribution used redhat based source? As opensuse as I said only used the rpm package manager, it never used any other components of a redhat derived install.
Source: I work there and can find zero redhat strings in any old source code from that era, the old greybeards took offense to the implication that suse was ever based on redhat other than using rpm which at the time was about it for packaging.
All they did was start to use rpm instead of tar for packaging.
I will just say that SUSE 4.2 was not built off the same base as SUSE 1.0 either. It is not going to be as clear cut as finding a cloned Red Hat source code repository.
SUSE 4.2 was really version 1.0 of the distribution we call OpenSuse today ). It was a reboot. This version was no longer based on Slackware and it was the first version using RPM.
Debian introduced packages in 1995 ( before Debian 1.0 ). RPM did not appear until Red Hat Linux 2.0 in the fall. SUSE 4.2 came out in 1996 and could have used either one.
OpenSuse needs no fork for it has no flaw. If you ever imagine that it can be improved, you should probably reconsider.
Maybe no one can improve on OpenSuse. It’s also one of the lesser known distributions and wasn’t much talked for long time. Maybe there is not much to fork on, because OpenSuse basically does everything and satisfies most people.
Debian in example its hard to get into and make changes, and did not accept lot of packages in example. That means lot of people wanted to have an alternative. Debian is also opinionated and slow on updates, so there is lot of things people want to have it differently. And on Archlinux, its basically barebones distribution where lot of manual work is required to set it up. Its basically the perfect base distribution to fork on or derive from.
There are actually a few: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg
- Gecko Linux
- EasyNAS
- Rockstor
Gecko is basically just a different installer for openSUSE and some different default settings.
*openSUSE
I guess it’s more niche.
Sure SUSE may not “need” a fork, but most forks of Debian and Ubuntu aren’t changing much beyond a few superficial settings - If you need your “own” distro you’re more likely to pick the bigger distros to fork and slap your own badge on á la TuxedoOS, PopOS, GnomeOS, KDE-Neon, etc.
SUSE Linux Enterprise isn’t really a fork. OpenSuse Leap is to SLE a bit like Fedora is to Red Hat i.e. the community version which is then frozen at some point to build SLE.
SLE is a fork of factory. Leap is based on SLES with community additions, it’s why SUSE changing to ALP and dropping desktop support in the new version was such a big thing for the future of Leap.
I stand corrected. I use Tumbleweed so have not kept up to date on that front.
I totally agree with you. openSUSE Tumbleweed is IMHO the most stable rolling release distro out there.
Arch and some of its derivatives are also nice but still not as stable or polished as Tumbleweed.
