First to clarify, you mean with the clutch pedal “out.” Pushing the pedal down actually disengages the clutch, ie forcing the plates apart to disconnect the engine from the transmission.

In a gasoline powered car that is in gear, yes there is a braking effect. Diesel engines don’t, which is why semi trucks have a thing called a Jake Brake.

Also, depending on what went wrong with your engine/why it is shut down, you may not want to choose to do this.